Since the support that the Republic has brought to him in the 19th in the century, the model of small family exploitation has imposed in France as the “natural” form of agricultural activity. This one, which still occupied a third of the active population in 1945, was massively organized according to this mode to the great modernizing momentum of the 1960s. Despite the gigantic transformations of agriculture since, this family model has been weighing A considerable weight in the imagination of the French and still permeates the vision of exploitation -maintained by professional agricultural organizations -, in particular when the question of its transmission from one generation to the other is at stake .
Now, at a time when the share of chiefs of operations represents only 1.5 % of total employment, the classic scenario of the father of the family, supported by his life by his wife (at work for a long time Invisible) and possibly by his children, family aid, transmitting to his retirement to his son (much more rarely to his daughter!), has lost a large part of his relevance. Half of the operators still active will leave by 2030, and only a third of them declare that they have a successor. This reduction particularly affects breeding and coincides with the virtual period of marital agriculture: less than one in five operations chief still works in a relationship.
This agricultural model of conjugally shared family activity has lived. This does not mean that French operations have lost any family character, often preserved for heritage reasons, without a necessary link with a professional project. Besides operating heads working alone or with employees emerge from complex member forms and associations between farmers without kinship, but sharing the same economic or agronomic ambition. Some use a delegation of activity, assistants with project management or subcontractors.
If the number of employees hired directly on farms has increased little since the early 2010s, that of employees of specialized companies working in a spectacular manner. And this in particular in the viticulture, vegetable productions and great culture.
Within operations, at the same time as membership forms, statutes and professional practices are used in power: thus, temporary or seasonal work which concerned in the past work and low -skilled workers can involve today ‘Hy tasks of high technicality and high responsibility; An agricultural business manager can combine his independent activity with salaried activities carried out elsewhere; This same business manager can delegate work on his operation to a service company, etc.
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