Scientists have made a significant breakthrough in the field of synthetic biology by reprogramming cells of various organisms to create biological robots. Examples include anthrophotes made from human cells that can move independently in hair-like structures, and xenobots created from deceased frog cells that continue to function, reproduce, and even self-heal.
In a recent review published in the journal Physiology, researchers discussed the implications of transforming both living and dead cells into robots with new functions. This highlights the existence of a “third state” beyond traditional categories of life and death.
These biorobots exhibit unique capabilities, unlike typical biological transformations. For example, anthropobots made from human lung cells autonomously repaired damaged nerve cells without prior programming, showcasing the potential of such technology.
Xenobots, on the other hand, demonstrated the ability to move using cilia, which were originally intended for mucus movement in the frog cells. They also showed self-healing properties, further distinguishing them from natural biological processes.
The discoveries challenge conventional views on cellular and organism development, suggesting that the death of an organism may play a crucial role in the transformation of life. Despite their short lifespan and decomposition after 60 days, the mechanism through which these biorobots continue to function post-death remains a mystery to scientists.
Nevertheless, the medical potential of these studies is immense. Anthrophotes could be used for cell regeneration, drug delivery, or cancer treatment, offering personalized and preventive medicine opportunities. Understanding how cells persist and evolve after an organism’s death could lead to significant advancements in healthcare.