Researchers of the University of Surrey have developed a new type of spacecraft that will utilize the air masses of the upper atmosphere, potentially revolutionizing long-term operations in orbit.
The novel concept, known as air-breathing electric propulsion (ABEP), proposes missions to very low Earth orbits (VLEO), situated at altitudes of 150 to 400 kilometers.
The project has recently secured a funding of $312,000 from the UK Space Agency, enabling a series of tests for calibration, orbital mechanics analysis, and aerodynamic simulations. The system will utilize upper atmospheric air as fuel for an electric engine, converting it into plasma in an ionization chamber to generate thrust.
The researchers highlight the development of a cathode (neutralizer) that will function in electrostatic engines in the sparsely populated atmosphere of VLEO. Advantages of VLEO include reduced debris and proximity to Earth, enhancing observation quality of our planet.
Experts underline additional benefits such as improved land observations with higher resolutions for expedited telecommunication services and scientific advancements regarding the ionosphere’s status.
A key challenge addressed in utilizing VLEO is atmospheric drag at lower altitudes, necessitating continuous thrust for satellite orbit maintenance.
The innovative air-electric propulsion concept promises to address this challenge by providing satellites with limitless fuel resources, enabling prolonged functionality compared to current models. Moreover, the technology is poised to decrease satellite development costs by eliminating the need for onboard fuel tanks.
Previously, University of Surrey specialists discussed the potential for space-based solar farms to be feasible without costly new technologies. In a groundbreaking experiment, researchers launched four test panels of cadmium telluride (CDTE) solar elements into space.