Scientists from the California University in Riverside, under the leadership of Dr. Wei Ding, have conducted a new study that suggests the possibility of creating a universal vaccine to combat influenza and other viral diseases. The study, published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, showcases the potential of utilizing unique mechanisms of the immune system to develop such a vaccine (source).
Traditional vaccines often struggle to keep up with the rapid mutations of viruses, rendering them ineffective. However, the study proposes a new strategy based on RNA interference (RNAI), which involves destroying the genetic material of viruses. This mechanism, previously studied in plants and invertebrates, could also be adapted for use against viruses in mammals, including humans.
The researchers in the study used modified viruses lacking the B2 gene, which inhibits the RNAI reaction in cells. These viruses were introduced to young mice with weakened immune systems. Remarkably, even when exposed to lethal doses of the virus, the mice were able to produce a large number of small interfering RNA (siRNA) molecules, effectively eradicating the virus and protecting the body.
Not only does this approach provide robust protection against viruses, but it also offers a promising vaccination strategy that may be effective even against mutating viruses. Unlike traditional vaccines that target specific areas of the virus, RNAI-based vaccines generate numerous siRNA molecules capable of attacking various genomic regions of the virus.
The team of scientists is currently working on developing a new flu vaccine using viruses without the B2 gene. They are also exploring the possibility of administering this vaccine as a nasal spray, eliminating the need for injections. If successful, this approach could pave the way for creating vaccines against other viruses such as Covid-19 and RSV.
In a press release, Dr. Rong Hai expressed optimism about the potential of this groundbreaking vaccine, stating that it could be the universal solution that scientists have been striving for (source). The study represents a significant advancement in the field of viral disease prevention, bringing us closer to the realization of a universal vaccine that is effective against all virus variants and safe for a wide range of populations.