Scientists have long speculated about the potential for life on Venus, specifically within the clouds at altitudes of 48-60 km where temperatures are similar to those on Earth. However, the prevailing belief was that the clouds of Venus, rich in concentrated sulfuric acid, were incapable of supporting life.
In a recent study, chemists investigated 20 biogenic amino acids under Venus-like conditions and found that 19 of them either remained inert or underwent only minor chemical changes in the side chains, while the main structure of the amino acids remained intact even after 4 weeks.
“It is truly remarkable that concentrated sulfuric acid is not inherently incompatible with organic chemistry,” remarked Dr. Yanush Petkovsky from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT).
Professor Sarah Sarah, also from MIT, added, “We observed that the basic building blocks of life on Earth can withstand sulfuric acid, which raises intriguing possibilities for the existence of life on Venus.”
The study authors pointed out that while complex organic chemistry does not equate to life, life as we know it would not be possible without it. If certain molecules can survive in the highly acidic clouds of Venus, then these conditions could potentially harbor life.
The quest for life in the clouds of Venus has gained traction in recent years, particularly following the discovery of phosphine, a molecule considered a potential biosignature. Although this finding is still debated, it has reignited discussions about the potential for life on Earth’s “sister” planet.
To seek answers, scientists are planning various missions to Venus, with the first majorly funded mission spearheaded by the California-based company Rocket Lab. This mission, led by Professor Sieger, aims to analyze the chemical composition of the planet’s clouds in search of organic molecules.