Pfizer / Biontech and Moderna vaccines may be the most effective vaccines against COVID-19, developed so far. The results of the study of the scientists of the University of Washington University, published in Cell magazine, disclose that the effectiveness of RNA vaccines in preventing symptomatic infection is high and reaches 90 percent.
15 volunteers took part in the experiment, each of which received two doses of RNA vaccine at an interval of three weeks. Scientists have extracted germinative centers from their lymph nodes, where actively divided in lymphocytes produce antibodies, after 21, 28, 35, 60, 110 and 200 days after the first dose.
BNT162B2 vaccine, developed by the German biotechnological company Biontech, together with American Pfizer, enhances the production of antibodies, and also stimulates the immune memory. Folicular T-helpers that maintain the activity of other immune cells in the germinative centers are stored in the body up to six months after vaccination. When the number of T-helpers begins to decrease, protection against coronavirus is provided by long-lived cells producing antibodies, and memory b-cells.
Scientists have found that many folicular T-helpers react to that part of the virus that is not subjected to mutations and remains almost unchanged even at the oomikron option. The main target of antibodies produced after vaccination is S-protein, which is associated with human cell receptors. Mutations occurring in S-protein usually reduce the effectiveness of neutralizing antibodies, but some parts of the S-protein remain impossible to changes.
The initial antibodies produced in response to the infection are not so effective as those produced by ripening in lymphocytes. T-helpers present an antigen (alien molecule) of virus in lymphocytes, after which they begin to synthesize antibodies or turn into in-cells.