Scientists for the first time created condensate Bose Einstein, which consists of thousands of molecules leading to itself as a large “super molecule.” On obtaining a new state of matter, it is described in the article published in the journal Nature.
At first, physicists created a bose condensate from 60 thousand cesium atoms, which were cooled in a magnetic trap to a temperature slightly above absolute zero. As a result, atoms achieve the smallest energy state and become practically indistinguishable, since the de Broglie wave (wave of the probability of the object detecting at the point of space) of one atom overlaps with the waves of neighboring atoms. A cloud of high-density atoms is formed, which is an exotic aggregate state of the substance, and quantum effects begin to manifest themselves at the macroscopic level.
scientists have further reduced the condensate temperature and reinforced the magnetic field so that about 15 percent of the cesium atoms formed the outer molecules, and the remaining atoms were thrown out of the trap. The remaining molecules were held in a two-dimensional configuration to preserve the stability of the system. As a result, the molecular gas consisted of molecules that were in the same quantum state.
According to researchers, they still have to explore the behavior of the molecular condensate Bose Einstein, as well as learn how to create it from other molecules, which may be useful for practical use.